| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Attack on German Flatts (1778) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Attack on German Flatts (1778)
The Attack on German Flatts (September 17, 1778) was a raid on the frontier settlement of German Flatts, New York (which then also encompassed what is now Herkimer) during the American Revolutionary War. The attack was made by a mixed force of Loyalists and Iroquois under the overall command of Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, and resulted in the destruction of houses, barns, and crops, and the taking of livestock for the raiders' use. The settlers, warned by the heroic run of Adam Helmer, took refuge in local forts but were too militarily weak to stop the raiders.
Brant's attack was one of a series executed under his command or that of Loyalist and Seneca leaders against communities on what was then the frontier of western New York and northern Pennsylvania. New York authorities responded by ordering an expedition that destroyed Brant's forward operating bases in Iroquois territory.
==Background==
(詳細はJohn Burgoyne's campaign to the Hudson after the Battles of Saratoga in October 1777, the American Revolutionary War in upstate New York became a frontier war.〔Graymont, pp. 155–156〕 British leaders in the Province of Quebec supported Loyalist and Native American partisan fighters with supplies and armaments.〔Kelsay, p. 212〕 During the winter of 1777–78 Brant and other British-allied Indians developed plans to attack frontier settlements in New York and Pennsylvania.〔Graymont, p. 160〕 In February 1778 Brant established a base of operations at Onaquaga (present-day Windsor, New York). He recruited a mix of Iroquois and Loyalists estimated to number between two and three hundred by the time he began his campaign in late May.〔Barr, p. 150〕〔Kelsay, p. 216〕〔Graymont, p. 165〕 One of his objectives was to acquire provisions for his forces and those of John Butler, who was planning operations in the Susquehanna River valley.〔Halsey, p. 207〕 His first expedition was a raid on Cobleskill, and he raided other frontier communities throughout the summer.〔Graymont, pp. 165–167〕
When he raided settlements at Springfield and Andrustown (present-day Jordanville) in July, Brant left the survivors with warnings that German Flatts would soon also be attacked.〔Graymont, p. 175〕〔Kelsay, p. 224〕 The settlement of German Flatts (now known as Herkimer due to a survey error in 1788 that reversed the names of Herkimer and what is now German Flatts on the south bank of the Mohawk River)〔Perkins and Hopson, p. 7〕 was founded in 1723 by Palatine German immigrants.〔Hanson, p. 2〕 The district was defended by a local militia regiment under the command of Colonel Peter Bellinger.〔Mintz, pp. 31, 66〕 There were two main forts, Fort Dayton and Fort Herkimer, on either side of the Mohawk.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Attack on German Flatts (1778)」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|